Types of Bariatric Surgery
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Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS)
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Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y)
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Sleeve Gastrectomy
Why Bariatric Surgery is Done
The primary purpose of this surgery is to aid weight loss and diminish the risk of life-threatening weight-related health problems. Conditions such as certain cancers, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and sleep apnea are among the concerns addressed by these surgeries. Typically considered when conventional weight-loss methods fall short, bariatric surgery is a decision made after attempts to improve diet and exercise habits.
Candidates for the Surgery
Candidates usually have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher (extreme obesity) or a BMI of 35 to 39.9 (obesity) coupled with severe weight-related health problems. In specific cases, those with a BMI of 30 to 34 and serious weight-related health issues may qualify. However, stringent medical criteria must be met, and individuals must commit to lasting lifestyle changes. The procedure may also necessitate participation in long-term follow-up plans.
Risks of Bariatric Surgery
Major health risks associated with bariatric surgery include excessive bleeding, infection, reactions to anesthesia, blood clots, lung problems, leaks in the gastrointestinal system, and, rarely, death. Longer-term risks vary by surgery type and can encompass bowel obstruction, dumping syndrome, gallstones, hernias, low blood sugar, malnutrition, ulcers, vomiting, acid reflux, and the potential need for a revision surgery.
Procedure
Preparation for Bariatric Surgery
Preparation involves specific guidelines tailored to the surgery type, which may include lab tests, dietary restrictions, physical activity programs, and smoking cessation. Planning for post-surgery recovery is essential, often requiring external support.
What to Expect During the Surgery
Bariatric surgery, performed under general anesthesia, can involve traditional open surgery or more commonly, laparoscopic methods. Surgery duration varies, and the immediate post-surgery period involves monitoring for complications. Types of bariatric surgeries, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and BPD/DS, have distinct advantages and considerations.
After Bariatric Surgery
Post-surgery, a gradual return to eating is enforced, starting with liquids and progressing through various food consistencies. Patients undergo regular checkups, medical assessments, and follow-up exams to monitor progress and address potential issues.
Results of Bariatric Surgery
Bariatric surgeries can yield significant and sustained weight loss, positively impacting conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and sleep apnea. Improved daily functionality and quality of life are also observed outcomes.
When Bariatric Surgery Doesn’t Work
While effective for many, bariatric surgeries may not always meet expectations. Follow-up appointments are crucial, allowing healthcare teams to track progress and address stalled weight loss or complications promptly. Failure to adhere to recommended lifestyle changes may result in inadequate weight loss or weight regain. Regular check-ins with healthcare professionals remain essential for ongoing success.
